A History of Glasgow

Glasgow's proximity to Scotland's beautiful HighlandsLordship, opposite the Museum, which is now
and the legendary friendliness and humour of itsGlasgow's oldest house. Once similar houses continued
inhabitants are probably the most commonly citedall the way down High Street towards Glasgow Cross
reasons for its position as third most visited city in theand the imposing 17th century Tolbooth Steeple, which
UK (after London and Edinburgh). This overshadowsonce greeted travellers arriving along the Gallowgate
the fact that Glasgow is without doubt one of thefrom Edinburgh.
most architecturally remarkable cities in the British Isles.Much of the centre of the Glasgow we know today
From the tall confident early Victorian neoclassicalbegan to take shape from the 18th century onwards.
buildings of the city centre to the 'space-age' ClydeThe so called 'Tobacco Lords' were the first in a long
Auditorium (or Armadillo) and Science Centre,line of entrepreneurs and businessmen to leave their
Glasgow's architecture exudes a dynamism which hasmark on the city. Having become extraordinarily
emerged from a complex and often dramatic history.wealthy and powerful re-exporting tobacco from the
Glasgow's massive expansion in the 18th and 19thAmericas to the continent, a trade which they all but
centuries did much to destroy evidence of earlymonopolised until US independence, they fashioned
settlement in the area. Nevertheless, what remains isgreat mansions and palaces for themselves in what
of tremendous interest. Amongst the earliest traces ofbecame Glasgow's Merchant City, to the west of High
inhabitation are the remains of a Roman bathhouse, atStreet. At this time Glasgow was considered by some
Bearsden in Greater Glasgow. This is the last visibleto be the most attractive town in the newly formed
part of a fortified complex built by the 20th RomanUnited Kingdom.
Legion on the Antonine Wall, which marked GlasgowThe Tobacco Lords were followed by the first
as a dangerous outpost on the northernmost frontiergenerations of industrialists, whose pioneering spirit
of the empire.became the foundation of the British Empire. The
Nonetheless, it is St Kentigern (or St Mungo) who isexportation of textiles and later industrial goods
usually regarded as being Glasgow's founding father.required the development of Glasgow's port and led to
His journey in the 6th century BC to find the buriala huge demand for ships. Consequently, Glasgow's era
ground, dedicated by St Ninian a century earlier,as shipbuilding capital of the world began. Glasgow
brought him to the green hollow where Glasgowalso became the major supplier of ships for the Royal
Cathedral now stands. The small church he built hereNavy and, resultantly, the centre of the empire's
became his burial place. The tomb remains the focalmunitions industry. Machine tools, sewing machines and
point for one of Scotland's outstanding medievallocomotives were amongst Glasgow's other
buildings, as well as the resting place of one ofspecialities. Glasgow became the so called Second
northern Europe's most influential missionaries.City of the Empire and Workshop of the World; the
Nonetheless, it was 3 centuries after St Kentigern'sindustrial city of the industrial age.
death and across the River Clyde at Govan that realGlasgow's extraordinary success as an industrial giant
political power first came to the Glasgow area. Theis reflected in her rich architecture. Arguably no other
Kingdom of Strathclyde built its capital here, possibly atcity has been bequeathed with finer examples of both
the site of a prehistoric burial mound, after VikingEdwardian and Victorian buildings. Two Glasgow
attacks made the continuing occupation of Dumbartonarchitects whose buildings are amongst the city's finest
Rock untenable. For the following three hundred yearsare worth a special mention; Alexander 'Greek'
Govan remained the capital of this sizeable realm, untilThomson (1817-1875), acclaimed for his innovative
its incorporation into Scotland by King David I in the 12threinvention of the classical Greek style, and the world
century. Govan's ancient origins can most clearly berenowned Charles Rennie Mackintosh (1868-1928),
seen at Govan Parish Church, once the site of thewhose unique style remains highly influential
royal complex. The highly decorated hog back graveinternationally.
markers and stone crosses on display constitute theThe wealth apparent in Glasgow's finest buildings was
largest collection of such stones in Scotland outside ofnot shared equally. Industrial Glasgow gained a
Iona.reputation for its extreme poverty. Frustration with
As part of a policy designed to crush the aristocracysocial inequality was expressed through the arts,
of Strathclyde, David I moved the centre of power infootball, sectarianism and politics. While the idea that
the area to the site of Kentigern's church. In thethe city was perpetually on the verge of Revolution is
centuries that followed the cathedral began to takerather far fetched the legends of 'Red Clydeside' play
shape as well as the adjacent Bishops Palace (on thea large part in both Glaswegian and Scottish identity. In
site of the Museum of Religion). Other stone structuresmore practical terms, Glasgow's industrial environment
began to spring up such as the 15th century Provand'swas the birthplace of the British Labour movement.